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Octave Replacement EQ of the Bass
If you had a bass player play scales for you, you would discover that on the lower pitches the instrument sound quite boomy and on the upper pitches sound "weak." For the different instruments commonly used in pop music, the bass perhaps has the most uneven tone. Many engineers will almost automatically reach for a compressor on the bass when mixing.
The Motown Engineering Department, in the 1960's, ran tests on the bass and determined that the instrument generated harmonic energy an octave up from the fundamental pitch being played which was as loud as the fundamental. The 1960's Motown mastering division used this data to filter out the real low octave of the bass sound, allowing higher recording levels without losing bass line clarity.
Using this data in the 1970's I developed a mixing technique for the bass, which I call "Octave Replacement EQ." The "boom frequency" of 100 Hz is reduced while the energy an octave up is boosted. It usually sounds better to have the boost slightly less than the reduction.
OCTAVE REPLACEMENT EQ - TYPICAL SETTINGS
Frequency
Level
Q
100 Hz
-6 dB
1.4
200 Hz
+5 dB
1.4
Use of Octave Replacement EQ in mixing tends to make the bass line more even and sound louder.